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WTO and GATT Research


This guide lists the essential sources for researching the current WTO system and the predecessor system under the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1947). Call numbers are provided for the NYU Law Library.

In a hurry? First try the shorter Cite-Checker's Guide to the Law Library: World Trade Organization.

WTO and GATT materials Related materials
WTO online
WTO organizational structure
Agreements--official citations, etc.
Schedules and tariffs
Travaux préparatoires (history) and application of the agreements
Accessions
Official documents
Dispute settlement reports, etc.
Trade Policy Reviews		 Additional research guides
US sources (agreements, schedules)
US legislative history
US govt. websites, etc.
News, speeches, meetings
Books and articles
Terminology
Statistics


WTO ONLINE

WTO website <www.wto.org>

  • Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org/>
    >Official documents 1947-94 (selected), 1995-current
    >Legal Texts (the trade agreements)
    >Trade Topics: background information and documents
    >Dispute Settlement: the GATT and WTO dispute reports
    >Schedules of tariffs and of service concessions
  • The WTO: basic information about the WTO
  • WTO News: press releases, speeches
  • Trade Topics: information and documents by trade sector (agriculture, intellectual property, competition, etc.)
  • Resources: Online bookshop, statistics, research

WESTLAW
WTO-DEC:  GATT dispute reports, 1948-94; WTO dispute reports, 1995-

LexisNexis
Topic>International law >Find Statutes, Regulations & Administrative materials & regulations >Regulations & Agency Decisions >Agency Decisions>GATT panel and World Trade Organization decisions, 1948-

WorldTradeLaw.net  <www.worldtradelaw.net>
The trade agreements; a search engine for the dispute reports; commentaries on the dispute reports; and the Case-Law Index, a topical digest of the WTO dispute reports. Some content requires a subscription.


ADDITIONAL RESEARCH GUIDES

  • Revised Guide to International Trade Law Sources on the Internet by Marci Hoffman.  <www.llrx.com/feature/trade3.htm>
  • Guide to Electronic Sources for International Law: International Economic Law, Private International Law, International Commercial Arbitration, International Intellectual Property Law, etc.
    American Society of International Law <www.asil.org/resource/home.htm>
  • EISIL, Electronic Information System for International Law:  International Economic Law (International Trade Law), International Dispute Settlement, and Private International Law, etc.
    American Society of International Law  <www.asil.org/system/eisil.htm>
  • See also NAFTA Research


WTO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE  The GATT was the quasi-international organization that existed until 1995 to administer the trade agreement called the GATT 1947. The WTO was established in 1995. It provides the institutional framework for implementing the Uruguay Round agreements, negotiating new trade rules and settling disputes between member countries.

Organizational chart <www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org2_e.htm>

Members, observers and accessions  <www.wto.org>The WTO>Membership

  • The members of the WTO are nation states and the European Communities/Union as an organization. (Each EU member state is also a member of the WTO.)
  • A state can accede to the trade agreements as a new member after negotiations with its individual trading partners in the WTO and with the WTO as a whole. A protocol of accession memorializes the rights and obligations of the new members.
  • Applicant countries and IGOs can be observers.
  • The Ministerial Conference consists of representatives of all members and meets at least once every two years to make decisions, provide political guidance and set the agenda for new trade negotiations.
  • The General Council consists of representatives of all member and accomplishes the day-to-day operation of the WTO. The Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade in Services and Intellectual Property Council report to the General Council.
  • The General Council also acts as the Trade Policy Review Board and the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB).

Documents from WTO bodies, meetings, etc. are on the WTO website at Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org> Browse documents >Frequently consulted >Official records.


AGREEMENTS  Multilateral trade conventions under the GATT/WTO system are called "agreements." The current WTO system operates under agreements negotiated during the Uruguay Round, 1986-94. Negotiations are ongoing on certain topics. The Final Act of the Uruguay Round was signed in Marrakesh on April 15, 1994, and went into force on January 1, 1995. It contained a package of about 60 agreements, annexes, decisions, and understandings, including the Marrakesh Agreement ("WTO Agreement") establishing the WTO, the GATT 1994, the GATS, other agreements on services, and the TRIPS. The GATT 1994 incorporates by reference the GATT 1947 and related official instruments as amended up to the effective date of the WTO agreements.

Suggested official citations
U.S. sources
Standard unofficial sources
GATT 1947
Selected other sources

Suggested official citations  Rule 21.4.5(a)(ii) and Rule 21.4.5(c) of The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 18th ed., require a U.S. source, if therein, and a multilateral source, and if either of those cannot be obtained, a cite to I.L.M. or another unofficial source. As explained by the notes at the end of this guide, the following suggested citations of the Uruguay Round agreements differ from Bluebook Rule  21.8.4(d).

The publications used in these citations are located as follows:

The Legal Texts: The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations (Cambridge, U.K.; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1999)  Reserve K4603 1987 .A4 1999.

I.L.M.  Compact Shelves JX27 A5 I5

U.N.T.S.  Compact Shelves JX170 U35

  • Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Apr. 15, 1994, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 2 (1999), 1867 U.N.T.S. 14, 33 I.L.M. 1143 (1994) [hereinafter Final Act].

  • WTO Agreement:
    Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Apr. 15, 1994, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 4 (1999), 1867 U.N.T.S. 154, 33 I.L.M. 1144 (1994) [hereinafter Marrakesh Agreement or WTO Agreement].
          
  • GATT 1994:
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 17 (1999), 1867 U.N.T.S. 187, 33 I.L.M. 1153 (1994) [hereinafter GATT 1994].
          
  • Agreement on Agriculture, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 33 (1999), 1867 U.N.T.S. 410. [Not reproduced in I.L.M.]
          
  • TRIMS Agreement:
    Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 143 (1999), 1868 U.N.T.S. 186 [hereinafter TRIMS Agreement]. [Not reproduced in I.L.M.]
          
  • Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 275 (1999), 1867 U.N.T.S. 14. [Not reproduced in I.L.M.]
          
  • GATS:
    General Agreement on Trade in Services, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1B, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 284 (1999), 1869 U.N.T.S. 183, 33 I.L.M. 1167 (1994) [hereinafter GATS].
          
  • TRIPS:
    Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1C, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 320 (1999), 1869 U.N.T.S. 299, 33 I.L.M. 1197 (1994) [hereinafter TRIPS Agreement].
          
  • DSU, Dispute Settlement Rules:
    Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 2, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 354 (1999), 1869 U.N.T.S. 401, 33 I.L.M. 1226 (1994) [hereinafter DSU].

U.S. sources
Bluebook, 18th ed., Rule 21.8.4(d) and the suggested citations above do not include any U.S. treaty sources. The U.S. did not ratify the Uruguay Round agreements as treaties, but instead implemented them through legislation and administrative action. See also the notes below. Official sources are:

  • Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809 (1994), 19 U.S.C. 3501 and other sections listed in the U.S.C. Tables and the short title note under 19 U.S.C.A. 3501.
    Statutes at Large:  B1 KF50 .U5
    U.S.C.:  B1 KF62
    U.S.C.A.: MRR, Brown Atrium, Furman Hall
          
  • Uruguay Round Trade Agreements, Text of Agreements, Implementing Bill, Statement of Administrative Action, and Required Supporting Statements: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting the Uruguay Round Trade Agreements, Texts of Agreements, Implementing Bill, Statement of Administrative Action and Required Supporting Statements. H.R. Doc. No. 103-316 (1994).
    Reserve K4603 1987 .A3x 1994 (2 vols).
          
  • Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
    <www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm>

    Also published in looseleaf format. U.S. International Trade Commission. Washington, D.C., 1987-.  B1 KF6654.599 .U55
  • For administrative rules and regulations:

    Federal Register:
    Recent daily issues  B2 South NYUL KA-A 4
    WESTLAW 
    LexisNexis
    Hein Online, 1947-1990 (subsequent years are being added)
    GPO Access  <www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html>

    Code of Federal Regulations
    Furman Hall NYUL KA-A 41
    WESTLAW
    LexisNexis
    GPO Access <www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/>

Standard unofficial sources

  • International Legal Materials (I.L.M.) American Society of International Law, 1962-. Be sure that the agreement you need to cite is actually reproduced in the source you are citing. See 33 I.L.M. 1141-42 for a list of the agreements reproduced in that volume.
    Compact Shelves JX 27 A5 I5.
    Also in WESTLAW (ILM) and Ejournals.
          
  • Bluebook, 18th ed., Rule 21.4.5(c) permits you to cite another unofficial source, including an official website such as the official WTO website <www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm >

GATT 1947

  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Oct. 30, 1947, 61 Stat. A-11, T.I.A.S. 1700, 55 U.N.T.S. 194.
          
  • Protocol of Provisional Application, T.I.A.S. 1700, 55 U.N.T.S. 308. Also reproduced in the one-volume The Legal Texts... cited in the suggested citations.

Selected other sources

  • WorldTradeLaw.net
          
  • Trade Compliance Center, U.S. Dept. of Commerce. <www.tcc.export.gov/>Trade Agreements. Searchable texts.

    Searchable database of active, binding agreements between the U.S. and its trading partners (excluding agriculture agreements), and guides to the agreements.
  • Department of Agriculture  <www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade.asp >
    Trade Agreements
          
  • SICE, Foreign Trade Information System of the OAS
    <www.sice.oas.org/ >
          
  • The WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures: A Collection of the Relevant Legal Texts. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.  Reserve K4600 .W67x 2001
          
  • The Texts of the Tokyo Round. Geneva: GATT, 1986.
    Reserve NYUL KE G35 T65 T3
          
  • Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the 1964-67 Trade Conference. [Geneva : s.n., 1967]. Five-volume set of the Kennedy Round agreements.  Compact Shelves NYUL KE G35 L33
          
  • Law and Practice of the World Trade Organization. Ed. Joseph F. Dennin. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana, 1995-. Looseleaf. See also the predecessor publication Law and Practice Under the GATT, comp. and ed. Kenneth R. Simmonds and Brian H.W. Hill, New York: Oceana Publications, 1987-1994.
    Reserve K4600 .L38

For updating the status of the legal instruments and for the text of   reservations and declarations:

WTO Status of Legal Instruments. Geneva: WTO, 2006-.
Reserve  K4610.A2 S733

Status of Legal Instruments. Geneva: WTO, 1997-2005.
Reserve  K4600.A1944 A67x


SCHEDULES
During and between the multilateral negotiations (called "rounds") that result in the general trade agreements, members also conduct bilateral, plurilateral or multilateral talks that result in specific (1) commitments on maximum tariffs for goods, and agreements on quotas, export subsidies and domestic supports for agriculture, and (2) commitments to open domestic markets to services from other members and exemptions from these commitments. These agreements are memorialized in schedules. The goods schedules are annexed to the GATT and the services schedules are annexed to the GATS. In the case of a new member, schedules are annexed to the protocol of accession. Schedules are thus bound, but changes can occur through through subsequent formal negotiations or through technical modifications or rectifications.

See, Gallagher, Peter. A Handbook on Reading WTO Schedules. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. ON ORDER

The schedules are available as follows:

  • Schedules of Concessions <docsonline.wto.org>
    Official Documents>Other related links>Schedules of concessions.
          
  • Through the members pages on the WTO website. <www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm>
    This page also has notifications submitted by member states.
          
  • Through the Trade Topics page on the WTO website
    < www.wto.org> Goods or >Services.
          
  • CDROMS containing searchable texts of the agreements in the three official languages, plus the schedules. The second title updates the schedules to the year 2000.

    The Results of the Uruguay Round (Geneva: WTO, 1996).
    Circ Desk K4603 1987 A3x 1996

    World Trade Organization Agreements on CD-ROM: The Legal Texts and Schedules: Services Issue I. (Geneva: WTO, 2002).
    Circ Desk  K4602 .W86

  • Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round (Geneva: GATT Secretariat, 1994).  34-volume set of the agreements and the schedules as of that date. To find out which volume covers which members, go to the WTO Online Bookshop  <www.wto.org> Resources>Publications>Online bookshop>Agreements and legal texts. The Law Library does not own this set.
  • The schedules may also be available in separate volumes. See, e.g.,

    Handbook of GATS Commitments: Trade in Services under the WTO. Ed. David Hartridge, Tashi Kaul and Omar Odarda. London: Cameron May, 2003.
    Reserve  HD9980.65 .H36 2003

    Second Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services.  Geneva: WTO, 1995 (financial services).
    B1  K1066.A41996 A44 1995

    Third Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services.  Geneva: WTO, 1995 (movement of Natural Persons).
    B1  K3973.A41994 A44 1995

    Fourth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services. Geneva: WTO, 1997 (basic telecommunications).
    B1  K3973.A41994 A44 1997

    Fifth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services.  Geneva: WTO, 1998. 

  • Search for schedule-related documents in the official document sources.
          
  • 55 U.N.T.S. 306 lists the U.N.T.S. volumes that contain the 1947 schedules.
          
  • See also national tariff sources for individual members, such as:

    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (cdrom).
    Documents Office  KF6654.599 .U55

    Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
    <www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm>

    Also published in looseleaf format. U.S. International Trade Commission. Washington, D.C., 1987-.  B1 KF6654.599 .U55

    Interactive Tariff and Trade DataWeb of the U.S. International Trade Commission.  <dataweb.usitc.gov/>

    The home page of WorldTradeLaw.net has links to tariff information for some Members at <www.worldtradelaw.net> General Links>Tariff Schedules.

    GATT 1947 schedules: T.I.A.S. 1700

TRAVAUX PRÉPARATOIRES (History), INTERPRETATION, APPLICATION

Travaux préparatoires. Studying the history and interpretation of the trade agreements means first studying the travaux préparatoires, the preparatory or working documents from the drafting and negotiations.

For the pre-Uruguay Round GATT, start with the GATT Analytical Index.

  • Guide to GATT Law and Practice: Analytical Index. Updated 6th ed. Geneva: WTO and Bernan Press, 1995. Two vols.
    Reference K4603 1947.A44 G85 1995
    Also available on a CDROM co-published by WTO and Bernan Press.

Covers only the GATT through 1994, before the Uruguay Round agreements went into force on January 1, 1995. It is arranged by GATT articles and also has a subject index (printed in both volumes). After the text of the article and related understandings is a summary of the history of the article, with excerpts from and citations to official documents from the  negotiations and citations to subsequent decisions of WTO bodies and dispute settlement reports that interpret and apply the article.

For information on the negotiating history of the Uruguay Round agreements, consult the chapter entitled "Institutions and Procedure" in the GATT Analytical Index. The focus of the WTO Analytical Index (described below) is interpretation and application, not the negotiating history. It cross references to the earlier GATT Analytical Index and cites to a few official documents, but there are also law review articles and other books on the Uruguay Round history. Websites may contain documents from past or current negotiating rounds. For example, Trade Topics>Intellectual Property>History on www.wto.org has a collection of Uruguay Round documents, and WorldTradeLaw.net  <www.worldtradelaw.net> has similar collections for a few other agreements. 

If you need the full text of any of the documents cited, or if you need more documents related to your topic, use the official document sources, certainly for documents dated after the latest Analytical Index. 

Application and practice. For practice under the GATT before the Uruguay Round agreements went into force on January 1, 1995, start by looking for discussion of decisions and dispute settlement reports in the GATT Analytical Index above. For decisions and dispute settlement practice under the Uruguay Round agreements (including the GATT 1994), start instead with the WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice. The 2d edition of the print volume covers from January 1, 1995 through the end of December, 2004.

  • Hardcopy:  WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice. 2d ed. Legal Affairs Division of the WTO Secretariat. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press: Bernan, 2007. Two vols. It has a separate chapter for each WTO agreement, arranged by articles, beginning with the text of the article and related understandings, followed by excerpts of the relevant decisions and dispute settlements. Tables on dispute settlement, a subject index and an index by cases are in vol. 2.
    Reference   K4610.A23 W86 2003
          
  • WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice
    The online version covers January 1, 1995, through December, 2002, but is expected to be updated in 2008.
    <www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/analytic_index_e/analytic_index_e.htm>
    Find discussion of your topic by browsing the articles of the agreements, country respondent names, product names, and legal topics.

To find dispute settlement reports after December, 2004, see Dispute Settlement below.
 

Other useful materials about negotiation and interpretation of the agreements:

Books and articles on your topic, such as the following, may cite the travaux préparatoires.

  • The GATT Uruguay Round: A Negotiating History (1986-1992). Vols. I and II Commentary; vol. III Documents; vol. IV The End Game. Deventer; Boston: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, 1993-99.
    Reserve K4609.5 .G38 1993
          
  • Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements. WTO Secretariat. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
    Reference K4603 1987 .G85 1999
          
  • Implementing the Uruguay Round. John H. Jackson and Alan O. Sykes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. A country-by-country review of the implementation of the Uruguay Round agreements by ten of the member countries plus the European Community.
    Reserve K4603 1987 .I49 1997
          
  • Reshaping the World Trading System: A History of the Uruguay Round. 2d and rev. ed. John Croome. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
    B1  HF1711 .C76 1999

  • The New World Trade Organization Agreements: Globalizing Law Through Services and Intellectual Property. Christopher Arup. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
    Reserve K3973 .A97 2000
          
  • Intellectual Property and International Trade: the TRIPS Agreement. Ed. Carlos M. Correa and Abdulqawi A. Yusuf. London; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1998.
    Reserve K1401.A41994 C67 1998

  • "The Legislative Process: Case Study 1: The Making of the TRIPS Agreement," chap. 4 in Lawmaking under the Trade Constitution: A Study in Legislating by the World Trade Organization. Gail E. Evans. Studies in Transnational Economic Law, vol. 14. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
    B1  K4602.2 2000

  • The TRIPS Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis. Daniel Gervais. 2d. ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2003.
    B1  K1401.A41994 G47 2003
          
  • Understanding the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement: Negotiating
    History and Subsequent Interpretation. James P. Durling and
    Matthew R. Nicely. London: Cameron May, 2002.
    B1  K4635 .D87 2000

  • Oxford University Press commentaries on the agreements: Search JULIUS for the Series title "Oxford Commentaries on International Law. Oxford Commentaries on the WTO/GATT Agreements."
          
  • The Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and
    International Law commentaries on the agreements: Search JULIUS for the Series title "Max Planck Commentaries on World Trade Law."

To track current negotiations, try news sources and websites. For example, the WTO website has a page on the negotiations on  agricultural trade reform. <www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/agric_e/negoti_e.htm>


U.S. Legislative History  By signing the Uruguay Round Final Act, each country agreed to submit the package of agreements for consideration at home with a view to approval according to domestic procedures.

Uruguay Round Agreements Act: A Legislative History of Public Law No. 103-465. Compiled by Bernard D. Reams, Jr., and Jon S. Schultz. Buffalo, N.Y.: Published for the Institute for International Legal Information by W.S. Hein & Co., 1995. Reprints congressional and administrative materials related to the passage of the Uruguay Round implementing legislation. 14 volumes plus indexes in volume 15.
B1 KF6654.54 .A15 1995

For a discussion of the U.S. implementation of the Uruguay Round agreements, see David W. Leebron, "Implementation of the Uruguay Round Results in the United States," chapter 6 in Implementing the Uruguay Round, John H. Jackson and Alan O. Sykes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997). 
B1  K4603 1987 I49 1997


ACCESSIONS
A new member can accede to the trade agreements after negotiations with its individual trading partners in the WTO and with the WTO as a whole. A protocol of accession memorializes the rights and obligations of the new member.

Members, observers and accessions <http://www.wto.org> The WTO Membership


OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS

  • WTO bodies issue thousands of documents each year, such as notifications, minutes and dispute settlement reports. The same was true of the GATT.
          
  • Unlike U.N. documents, GATT and WTO documents have never been sold or distributed to libraries in large paper collections.
          
  • Some documents are restricted and may later be derestricted.
          
  • BISD is the official compilation of documents in hardcopy, but it contains only a selected number of documents and is published several years behind the date of the documents.
          
  • The microfiche, the WTO website's Documents Gateway and the Stanford University Libraries GATT Digital Library contain many more documents than BISD.
          
  • Document symbols are explained in Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org/ >Help >Document Nomenclature.
           

GATT and WTO official document sources
See below for details. "Selected" means that the source contains only selected documents for that category.

DATES PRINT MICROFICHE ELECTRONIC

GATT
1947-96

BISD 1947-95
(selected)		 1947-96 BISD 1947-95
(selected) on
cdrom and
LexisNexis

GATT Documents, 1947-1996 (under construction)

GATT Digital Library: 1947-94 at Stanford Univ. Libraries

Documents Online
(very selective)
Uruguay Round
1986-94		     Documents Online
(selected). Use Advanced Search and type UR in the Collection field.

GATT Documents, 1947-1996 (under construction)

GATT Digital Library: 1947-94 at Stanford Univ. Libraries
WTO
1995-present		 BISD 1995-
(selected)		 1995-96 Documents Online
1995-


WTO documents, 1995-present

  • BISD. [WTO] Basic Instruments and Selected Documents. Geneva: World Trade Organization; Lanham, Md.: Bernan, 2002- (covering 1995-).  B1  K4602 .G46

    BISD is the official compilation of documents in hardcopy, but it contains only selected documents and is several years behind in publication. The WTO series of BISD starts with 1995. Each volume has an index.
  • Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org/> Over 150,000 documents in the three official languages, English, French and Spanish, from 1995 to present, with selected documents from 1986-94, primarily Uruguay Round documents. For help, click on the ? next to any search field and consult the manual by clicking on the Help button. Also has quick links to the legal agreements, the schedules and the dispute settlement reports. Read the Help screens for important information about downloading and printing; you should download before printing. These documents are html and Word and may omit tables and graphs.
          
  • Documents from WTO bodies, meetings, etc. are collected in Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org> Browse documents >Frequently consulted >Official records 

GATT and early WTO documents, 1947-1996

  • BISD. Basic Instruments and Selected Documents and BISD Supplements. Geneva: Contracting Parties to the GATT, 1952-98 (covering 1947-95). Compact Shelves NYUL KE G35 C65 B2

    BISD is the official compilation of documents in hardcopy, but it contains only selected documents. This first series of BISD covers 1947-1995. (Note: After the first four volumes in this series, all volumes were called supplements. The citation 42S/38 means supplement 42, at page 38.) The subject index at the back of supplement 42 covers all the supplements. This series of BISD is searchable on a cdrom at Circulation NYUL KE G35 C65 B2 and also in LexisNexis Intl Law>Treaties & Intl Agreements>GATT Basic Instruments and Selected Documents.
  • Microfiche GATT/WTO Documents.  Geneva: WTO, 1947-96. This very large collection of microfiche documents covers from the negotiation of the GATT and the Havana Charter through 1996. It has very few Uruguay Round (MTN/...) documents; instead search in the Documents Online (use Advanced Search and type UR in the Collection field), or the Stanford GATT Digital Library: 1947-94. The fiche is accessible via a hardcopy index of subjects, document symbols, product names, country names, and articles of the agreements. The fiche and the index are located in the Media Center.
          
  • GATT Documents 1947-1995. <www.wto.org/english/docs_e/gattdocs_e.htm> On this webpage, which is a work in progress, the WTO is making public all official documents issued under the GATT, 1947-95. Browse the documents by document symbol or date, or open the the catalog (list of dates and document titles) and do a Ctrl-F search for keyword in title. For more Uruguay Round documents, 1986-1994, search the Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org> which is linked from this page (use Advanced Search and type UR in the Collection field),  or the Stanford GATT Digital Library: 1947-94.
          
  • GATT Digital Library: 1947-94  Stanford University Libraries. Search, browse, view, and download from this collection of over 59,000 documents and publications of the GATT from 1947-1994. At this time, most of the documents are in English. Search full text, title, date, and document symbol. Searching, viewing and downloading are free of charge. The GATT Documents page also has link to the Stanford documents.
          
  • About 4,000 Uruguay Round documents, 1986-1994, can be searched via the Documents Online <docsonline.wto.org>. Use Advanced Search and type UR in the Collection field.


DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

Rules: the DSU and other rules
Reports: sources and citation
Briefs and other documents
Selected materials about dispute settlement

Rules:  the DSU and other rules

  • Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 2, THE LEGAL TEXTS: THE RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS 354 (1999), 1869 U.N.T.S. 401, 33 I.L.M. 1226 (1994) [hereinafter DSU].
          
  • The WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures: A Collection of the Relevant Legal Texts. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.  Reserve K4600 .W67x 2001
          
  • DSU, other rules and procedures on the WTO website <www.wto.org>
    >Trade Topics>Dispute Settlement>Legal Basis
          
  • See also A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System. WTO Legal Affairs Division and the Appellate Body. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Reserve K4610 .W67 2004
           

Reports: sources and citation  There are many places to read the GATT and WTO dispute panel and appellate body reports. Paragraphs in the reports are numbered. A neutral citation to a paragraph number may be helpful to a reader who is using a different source than the one you are citing.

Note: To be sure that you are using the complete official texts, use the texts on the WTO website.

  • BISD for GATT decisions, if therein*. See Official Documents above for more information.

    Tip: First search BISD in LexisNexis Intl Law>Treaties & Intl Agreements before consulting the hardcopy volumes.
    1995-current:  B1  K4602 .G46
    pre-1995:  Compact Shelves NYUL KE G35 C65 B2

    *So far, the new WTO series of BISD (1995-) has not published any of the dispute reports and Bluebook R.21.8.4(a) cites them by WTO document symbol. The WTO has authorized the pagination in the Dispute Settlement Reports (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000-), which contains reports starting with 1996. According to the Introduction to the WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice. 2d ed., at 2, these Cambridge texts are "WTO-approved versions" of the reports.
    B1 K4600 .A53 W67x

  • WTO website <www.wto.org>
    To find them chronologically, by country or by subject, go to
    >Trade Topics>Dispute Settlement>The disputes

    To search them by keywords, etc., go to
    >Documents>Official documents>Search.
  • International Legal Materials (I.L.M.) American Society of International Law, 1962-.  Compact Shelves JX 27 A5 I5.  Also in WESTLAW (ILM) and Ejournals.
          
  • Other widely available sources, such as the following, can be used for citation and also for full-text searching of the reports by keywords, topics, etc.

    WESTLAW:  WTO-DEC: GATT and WTO decisions, 1948-

    LexisNexis:
    Topic>International law >Find Statutes, Regulations & Administrative materials & regulations >Regulations & Agency Decisions >Agency Decisions>GATT panel and World Trade Organization decisions, 1948-

    WorldTradeLaw.net  <www.worldtradelaw.net>
    Contains the trade agreements; a search engine for the dispute reports; commentaries on the dispute reports; and the Case-Law Index, a topical digest of the WTO dispute reports. Some content requires a subscription.

    World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Decisions: Bernan's Annotated Reporter. Lanham, Md.: Bernan Press, vols. 1-69.
    This full-text reporter also has a subject index and finding lists (by country, articles of the agreements, and other WTO documents and reports cited in the reports). The Law Library has 1996-2005. Compact Shelves  JZ5185 .D577x 1998

    International Trade Law Reports. Ed. Ulick Bourke and Robin Griffith. London, U.K.: Cameron May, 1996-. Reports plus editorial commentary. The Law Library has 1996-mid 2007. Reserve   K4600.A495 I58x

    SICE, Foreign Trade Information System of the OAS. <www.sice.oas.org> Dispute Settlement
    >Documents>Official documents>Search.

  • Other useful tools for finding disputes by topic, etc.

    WTO Appellate Body Repertory of Reports and Awards, 1995-2006. 3d ed. Compiled by the Appellate Body Secretariat. Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2007.
    Reserve  K4610 .A7 W67 2007
    Online version covers through 2005 <www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/repertory_e/repertory_e.htm>


    WTO Decisions: A Comprehensive Topical Index. Eds. C. Christopher Parlin, David Stewart Christy, Jr., and Marcus A. Kraker. London, U.K.: Cameron May, 2004-. This index consists of two tables. The first is arranged by articles of the WTO agreements and provides citations to all the dispute proceedings that have interpreted an article. The second table does the same for general dispute settlement issues, such as evidence and procedure.  An index of all the proceedings makes it easier to determine all the provisions and issues covered by a particular proceeding.
    Reserve K4610 .A2 P37 2004

    The Analytical Index for GATT and for WTO can be used to identify dispute reports by articles of the agreements.

    Handbook of WTO/GATT Dispute Settlement. Pierre Pescatore, William J. Davey & Andreas Lowenfeld. Ardsley, N.Y.: Transnational Publishers, Inc., 1991-.  Looseleaf.
    Reserve K4602.2 1991

    La jurisprudence de l'OMC = The Case-Law of the WTO, 1996-97. Ed. Brigitte Stern, Helene Ruiz Fabri. Leiden; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2004. The editors summarize and comment upon each panel decision. All the material is presented in English and French on facing pages. Also includes a bibliography on each dispute, a table of the disputes and a subject index.
    K2400 A54 2000

    BNA Online Services  The WTO Reporter, International Trade Daily and International Trade Reporter may have summaries of new WTO dispute rulings, often within one day after the ruling is issued.

    IDATD <idatd.eclac.cl/controversias/index_en.jsp>
    Integrated Database of Trade Disputes for Latin America and the Caribbean. Search and compare dispute-related information and statistics for Latin American and Caribbean countries. The database is maintained by the Division of International Trade and Integration of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

"Briefs" and other documents

  • See article 18 of the DSU,  WTO website <www.wto.org>
    >Trade Topics>Dispute Settlement>Legal Basis.
          
  • U.S. briefs and submissions U.S. Trade Representative   <www.ustr.gov/Trade_Agreements/Monitoring_Enforcement/Dispute_Settlement/WTO/Section_Index.html>
          
  • The home page of WorldTradeLaw.net has links to submissions of some Members at <www.worldtradelaw.net> Miscellaneous External Links>Government Submissions in NAFTA/WTO Disputes.
          
  • Requests for consultation, notifications of appeal and other documents from the dispute settlement process can be located in the Documents Online by using the simple search engine on the WTO website <www.wto.org>Trade Topics >The Disputes>Find dispute documents. Search by type of document, subject, year, and countries.
           

Selected materials about the dispute settlement process      

  • Status of disputes:  WTO website <www.wto.org>
    >Trade Topics>Dispute Settlement>News.
          
  • Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization: Practice and
    Procedure. David Palmeter and Petros C. Mavroidis. 2nd ed.
    Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
    B1 K4610 .P35 2004
          
  • Guide to Dispute Settlement. Peter Gallagher. London; Boston: Kluwer Law International; [Geneva]: World Trade Organization, 2002.
    B1  K4600 .G35 2002
          
  • The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System: International Law,
    International Organizations, and Dispute Settlement. Ernst-
    Ulrich Petersmann. London; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1997.
    B1  K4600 .P48 1997
          
  • A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System. WTO. Legal Affairs Division and the Appellate Body. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Reserve K4610 .W67 2004
          
  • Judicial Approaches to Trade and Environment: The EC and the WTO. Nicola Notaro. London: Cameron May, 2003.
    B1  K3943 .N68 2003

  • 'Like Products' in International Trade Law: Towards a Consistent
    GATT/WTO Jurisprudence. Won-Mog Choi. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. B1 K4600 .C46 2003
          
  • Negotiating the Review of the WTO Dispute Settlement
    Understanding. Thomas A. Zimmermann. London: Cameron May, 2006. B1K4610 .Z55 2006
          
  • Standards of Review in WTO Dispute Resolution. Matthias Oesch.
    Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
    B1  K4610 .O347 2003
          
  • World Trade Without Barriers: The World Trade Organization (WTO)
    and Dispute Resolution. Frank Warren Swacker, Kenneth Robert
    Redden and Larry B. Wenger. Charlottesville, Va.: Michie Butterworth, 1995-.
    B1  K4600 .S93x 1995
          
  • The WTO Case Law of [year]: The American Law Institute Reporters'
    Studies.  Ed. Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004- (covering 2001-). The ALI publishes this annual series in conjunction with a project which is planned to codify general principles of international trade law. An economist and a lawyer, each of whom is an expert in international trade, evaluate the core procedural and substantive issues of dispute reports to see if they "make sense" from an economic and legal perspective. The evaluations are first critiqued by other experts through a series of drafts.
    B1 K2400.A53 W78
          
  • The WTO Dispute Settlement System 1995-2003. Ed. Federico
    Ortino and Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann. The Hague; New York: Kluwer Law International, 2004.
    B1  K4610 .W786 2004
          
  • WTO Disputes: Anti-dumping, Subsidies and Safeguards. Edwin
    Vermulst & Folkert Graafsma. London: Cameron May, 2002.
    B1  K4602.2 2002a
          
  • WTO Litigation: Procedural Aspects of Formal Dispute Settlement. Jeff Waincymer. London: Cameron May, 2002.
    B1  K4602.2 2002
           

TRADE POLICY REVIEWS
A description of the Trade Policy Review mechanism and links to the reports are on the WTO Trade Policy Review page <www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tpr_e.htm>

The reports have also been issued in paper (check JULIUS for Law Library holdings). Reports for 1995-97 are available on a cdrom co-published by the WTO and Bernan.
 

U.S. GOVERNMENT WEBSITES, etc.

  • TradeAgreements.gov <www.tradeagreements.gov> is an interagency effort between the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, State, Treasury and the Office of the United States Trade Representative, to provide the public with the latest information on America's trade agreements and pending free trade agreements. Includes reports on trade by U.S. states.
          
  • U.S. Trade Representative  <www.ustr.gov>
    A Cabinet member, the U.S. Trade Representative works in the WTO, in other regional trade fora and with U.S. trading partners as the President's principal trade policy advisor, negotiator and spokesperson on trade and trade-related investment issues. The agency has administrative responsibility for the Generalized System of Preferences, Section 301 complaints against foreign unfair trade practices, Section 1377, Section 337, and import relief cases under Section 201. The website has summaries and the texts of the WTO agreements, speeches, testimony, press releases, Federal Register notices, reports, and much more.
          
  • U.S. International Trade Administration  <www.ita.doc.gov/>
    The ITA provides practical information to help businesses select markets and products. The Market Access and Compliance unit works with foreign governments to make sure the U.S. is getting the benefits due under its trade agreements. The Trade Compliance Center takes complaints from U.S. businesses, and monitors, investigates and evaluates foreign government compliance with the trade agreements. The Import Administration defends U.S. businesses against foreign dumping and subsidies and administers the Foreign Trade Zones. The ITA website has news, press releases, laws, administrative materials, E-Forms, background information, TradeStats Express, and more.
          
  • U.S. International Trade Commission <www.usitc.gov/>
    The ITC (formerly the U.S. Tariff Commission) is an independent, non-partisan, quasi-judicial federal agency that administers U.S. trade remedy laws, provides analysis and information to the President, the USTR and the Congress, and maintains the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States <www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm>. The website also has ITC investigative and fact-finding reports. The Information Center has online filings, notices, and the Interactive Tariff and Trade Data Web <dataweb.usitc.gov/> which provides free international trade statistics and U.S. tariff data.
          
  • U.S. Dept. of Commerce <www.commerce.gov>
          
  • U.S. Court of International Trade  <www.cit.uscourts.gov/>
    With broader jurisdiction and powers than its predecessor the U.S. Customs Court, the Court of International Trade has exclusive jurisdiction to decide any civil action against the U.S., its officers or its agencies arising out of any law pertaining to international trade and certain civil actions under laws on import transactions. The website includes information for attorneys, rules, forms, and slip opinions since 1999.
          
  • U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit  <www.fedcir.gov/index.html>
    In 1982, Congress merged the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the U.S. Court of Claims to form the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The jurisdiction of the Court includes appeals from final decisions of the Court of International Trade and appeals from final determinations of the International Trade Commission on unfair practices in import trade. The website of the Court has rules, forms, calendar and docket information, and opinions and orders (which are posted for at least 90 days).
          
  • Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices. Report Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Committee on Ways and Means of the House, and the Committee on Foreign Relations, Committee on Finance of the Senate, by the Dept. of State in accordance with section 2202 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988. Joint Committee Print. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1989-2001.
    B1  HF1410 .C69
    CIS microfiche
          
  • [Year] Trade Policy Agenda and [year] Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program. Washington, D.C.: Office of the United States Trade Representative, 1989-.
    B1  HF1731 .A42x
    USTR website <www.ustr.gov/> Document Library >Reports/Publications
           

NEWS, SPEECHES, MEETINGS, etc.

BOOKS, ARTICLES, RESEARCH  Selected books and tools for finding books and articles.

  • World Trade Review. This independent peer-reviewed journal is a joint initiative of the WTO Secretariat and Cambridge Universit
          
  • World Trade Report. Geneva: WTO, 2003-. <www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/world_trade_report_e.htm>
    The main WTO research publication on global trade policy.
          
  • The EU, the WTO, and the NAFTA: Towards a Common Law of International Trade? Ed. J.H.H. Weiler. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.  Bound Periodicals K3 .O3437 v. 9, bk. 1
          
  • Guide to GATT Law and Practice: GATT Analytical Index. Updated 6th ed. Geneva: WTO and Bernan Press, 1995. Two vols. Up-to-date to January 1, 1995. Also available on a CDROM co-published by WTO and Bernan Press.  Reference K4603 1947.A44 G85 1995
          
  • WTO Analytical Index: Guide to WTO Law and Practice. 1st ed. Geneva: WTO Publications; Lanham, Md: Bernan, 2003. Two volumes.  Reserve and Reference K4610.A23 W86 2003
          
  • Competition Law and the World Trade Organization: Limits of Multilateralism. Kevin Kennedy. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2001.
    B1  K4600 .K46 2001
          
  • Electronic Commerce and the Role of the WTO. Geneva: World Trade Organization, 1998.  B1  HF5548.32 .E34x 1998
          
  • Fast Track: a Legal, Historical, and Political Analysis. Hal S.
    Shapiro. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2006.
    B1   KF6659 .S53 2006
          
  • Greening the GATT: Trade, Environment and the Future. Daniel C. Esty. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1994.
    Compact Shelves  NYUL KE G35 E78 G7x
          
  • Guide to the GATS: An Overview of Issues for Further Liberalization of Trade in Services. Ed. WTO Secretariat. Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Law International, 2001.  B1  HF1379 .G84 2001
          
  • Guide to the WTO and Developing Countries. Peter Gallagher. WTO Guide Series, vol. 2. The Hague; Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Law International, 2000.  B1  K3820 .G35 2000
          
  • Handbook on Anti-Dumping Investigations. Judith Czako, Johann Human, and Jorge Miranda. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.  B1  K4635 .C93 2003
          
  • A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System. Prepared for
    Publication by the Legal Affairs Division and the Appellate
    Body. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
    Reserve  K4610 .W67 2004
          
  • Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Commentary on the TRIPS Agreement. Carlos Maria Correa. Oxford Commentaries on GATT/WTO Agreements. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
          
  • Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries. Jayashree Watal. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
    B1  K1401 .W38 2001
          
  • International Business Transactions. 2d ed. Ralph H. Folsom. Practitioner Treatise Series. St. Paul, Minn.: West Group,
    2002. With updates.  Reserve KF1976 .F65 2002
          
  • International Business Transactions in a Nutshell. 6th ed. Ralph H. Folsom, Michael Wallace Gordon, and John A. Spanogle, Jr. St. Paul, Minn.: West, 2000.  Reserve K3943 .W54 2000
          
  • International Economic Law. Andreas F. Lowenfeld. International Economic Law Series. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.  B1  K3820 .L69 2002
          
  • International Regulation of Trade in Services. Comp. and ed. Philip Raworth. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana, 1996-.   Reserve  K3973 .I58
          
  • International Trade and Investment in a Nutshell. 2d ed. Ralph H. Folsom, Michael Wallace Gordon, and John A. Spanogle, Jr. St. Paul, Minn.: West, 2000.  Reserve K3943 .F65x 2000
          
  • Lawmaking under the Trade Constitution: A Study in Legislating by the World Trade Organization. Gail E. Evans. Studies in Transnational Economic Law, vol. 14. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 2000.  B1  K4602.2 2000
          
  • The New Rules of Global Trade: A Guide to the World Trade Organization. Jeffrey S. Thomas and Michael A. Meyer. Scarborough, Ontario: Carswell, Thompson Canada, Ltd., 1997.
    Reserve K4600 .T46x 1997
          
  • The New World Trade Organization Agreements: Globalizing Law Through Services and Intellectual Property. Christopher Arup. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.  Reserve K3973 .A97 2000
          
  • Opening Markets in Financial Services and the Role of the GATS. Kono Masamichi and the WTO. Special Studies. Geneva: WTO Publications, 1997.   B1  HD9980.5 .O63x 1997
          
  • The Political Economy of International Trade Law: Essays in Honor of Robert E. Hudec. Eds. Daniel L. M. Kennedy and James D. Southwick. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.  B1  K3943.A6 P65 2002
          
  • The Political Economy of the World Trading System: From GATT to WTO. Bernard M. Hoekman and Michel M. Kostecki. 2nd ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 
    B1 HF1359 .H64 2001
          
  • Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System. Ed. Lorand Bartels and Federico Ortino. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
    B1  K4610 .R44 2006
          
  • The Regulation of International Trade. 2d ed. Michael J. Trebilcock and Robert Howse. London; New York: Routledge, 1999.
    Reserve and B1 K3943 .T72 1998
          
  • "The Results of the Uruguay Round for Services," part III in Guide to the Uruguay Round Agreements. WTO Secretariat. The Hague; Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
    Reference K4603 1987 .G85 1999
          
  • Standards of Review in WTO Dispute Resolution. Matthias Oesch.
    Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
    B1  K4610 .O347 2003
          
  • Tariff Negotiations and Renegotiations under the GATT and the WTO: Procedures and Practices. Anwarul Hoda. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2001.  B1 K4602.2 2001
          
  • Trade, Development, and the Environment. Ed. WTO Secretariat. The Hague; Boston, MA: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
    B1  HF1703 .T725 2000
          
  • The TRIPS Agreement: Drafting History and Analysis. 2d ed. Daniel Gervais. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2003.
    B1  K1401.A41994 G47 2003
          
  • Understanding the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement: Negotiating
    History and Subsequent Interpretation. James P. Durling and
    Matthew R. Nicely. London: Cameron May, 2002.
    B1  K4635 .D87 2002
          
  • World Trade Law: The GATT-WTO System, Regional Arrangements, and U.S. Law. Raj Bhala and Kevin Kennedy. Charlottesville, Va.: LEXIS Law Publishing, 1998. With supplements.
    Reserve K4600 .B53x 1998
          
  • The World Trade Organization and the Environment. P.K. Rao. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.   B1  HF1385 .R36 2000
          
  • The World Trade Organization: Constitution and Jurisprudence. John H. Jackson. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1998.
    Reserve and Reference K4603 1994 .J33 1998
          
  • The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice, and Policy. Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J. Schoenbaum and Petros C. Mavroidis. Oxford International Law Library. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.  Reserve K4600 .M38 2006
          
  • The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations. 2d ed. John H. Jackson. Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, 1997.  B1  K4602.2 1997
          
  • WTO and the Environment. Fiona MacMillan. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2001.  B1  K3943 .M33 2001
          
  • WTO: Institutions and Dispute Settlement.  Ed. Rudiger Wolfrum, Peter-Tobias Stoll and Karen Kaiser. Max Planck Commentaries on World Trade Law; 2. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff International, 2006.
    Reserve K4610 .W6713 2006
          
  • WTO Online Bookshop  <www.wto.org> Resources>Publications>Online bookshop
          
  • WTO Discussion Papers. By the staff of the WTO Secretariat.
    <www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/discussion_papers_e.htm>
          
  • Bibliography on the World Trade Organization, 2004-. Peace Palace Library Bibliographies compiled by Drs H.H.R. Van Hamel.
    <www.ppl.nl/bibliographies/all/?bibliography=wto>

    Earlier bibliography through 2003 <www.ppl.nl/bibliographies/wto/old/
          
  • WTO Bibliography Database. Lists articles, books and working papers published between 1994 and 2002. <forms.wto.org/eradbibliographie/bibliography_search_e.htm>
          
  • The Journal of International Economic Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998-) regularly includes the "JIEL Book Survey," a list of new books on the WTO and related topics.
    Bound Periodicals  K10 .O8655x and Ejournals
          
  • GATT Bibliography. Geneva: GATT Secretariat, 1954-71. Covers 1947/54-1970.  Compact Shelve NYUL KE G35 G34
          
  • The World Trade Organization: Selective Bibliography. Updated July 2002 ed. H.H.R. Van Hamel. The Hague: Peace Palace Library, 2002.  B1  K4601 .V36 2002
          
  • Search for books in JULIUS, other library catalogs, and the mega-catalog OCLC FirstSearch (Worldcat). Use keywords and the following subject headings:

    Administrative law
    Competition, unfair
    Customs administration
    Developing countries--foreign economic relations
    Environmental law, international--economic aspects
    Financial services industry
    Foreign trade regulation
    Free trade   
    General agreement on tariffs and trade
    Intellectual property
    International economic relations
    International trade
    International trade--environmental aspects
    Non-tariff trade barriers
    Services industries
    Tariff--law and legislation
    Uruguay Round
    World Trade Organization
          
  • Articles indexes
  • Full-text journals
           

TERMINOLOGY

STATISTICS


Notes on official citation of the trade agreements.

1. Multilateral sources

  • Legal Instruments..., the source used in the Bluebook before the 18th edition, is vol. 1 of a 34-volume set entitled Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: Legal Instruments Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round. The law library does not own this set, nor do many other libraries. Instead, the law library and other libraries own a reprint of volume 1 separately published either as The Legal Texts: The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations (Cambridge, U.K.; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1999), Reserve K4603 1987 A.4 1999, or as Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Legal Texts (Geneva: GATT Secretariat, 1994). This is the source used in the suggested citations above.
          
  • Unlike the United Nations, there is no separate GATT or WTO treaty series. In general, the official hardcopy sources of GATT and WTO materials are the GATT BISD Basic Instruments and Selected Documents and the BISD Supplements, and now the WTO BISD, if the treaty you need to cite has been published therein.

    As of this writing, however, the Uruguay Round agreements have not been published in BISD. Instead, BISD (41st Supp., vol. I) at iv n.1 (1997, covering 1994), refers to the one-volume reprint described in the first paragraph of these notes, and this is the source used in the suggested citations above. The GATT previously published agreements in similar standalone volumes, e.g., The Texts of the Tokyo Round.
          
  • The Bluebook examples do not include citations to U.N.T.S., the United Nations Treaty Series. Because U.N.T.S. is widely available, it has been added to the suggested citations.
          
  • "Legal instruments" or "legal texts" generally refers to the agreements published along with related official declarations, understandings, etc. If you need to read or cite an interpretive note, decision, declaration, act, understanding, amendment, or other document that is not published in any of the sources discussed here, then search for it as a GATT or WTO official document.

2. U.S. sources

  • Treaties in Force...on January 1, 2005, lists the Uruguay Round Agreements but without T.I.A.S. or U.S.T. citations. To determine if citations to T.I.A.S. or U.S.T. are assigned in the future, check later editions of Treaties in Force, Treaty Actions  <www.state.gov/s/l/treaty/c3428.htm>, the Treaty Actions page of the Department of State website, or a treaty guides such as A Guide to the United States Treaties in Force (Ed. I. Kavass, Buffalo, N.Y.: William S. Hein & Co., Inc.) under K AV numbers 4042, 4048, 4051, and 4045.


Compiled by Jeanne Rehberg, New York University School of Law Library.
 
 
 
 

This page was updated December 06, 2007

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