International

A former president of the American Society of International Law and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, José Enrique Alvarez has made a substantial contribution to a wide range of subjects within international law, including scholarship analyzing the law-generating role of international organizations, the challenges facing international criminal tribunals, and the impact of the international investment regime. In 2010, Alvarez was named special adviser on international law to the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court. From 1983 to 1986 he was an attorney adviser with the Office of the Legal Adviser of the U.S. Department of State, where he worked on cases before the Iran–U.S. Claims Tribunal, served on the negotiation teams for bilateral investment treaties and the Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement, and was legal adviser to the Administration of Justice program in Latin America coordinated by the U.S. Agency for International Development. Alvarez has taught at Columbia, the University of Michigan, George Washington, and Georgetown law schools. He received a B.A. summa cum laude from Harvard University, a B.A. (Juris.) first class from Magdalen College of Oxford University, and a J.D. cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he was topics editor of the Harvard International Law Journal. In 2009, he delivered a series of lectures at The Hague Academy of International Law on the subject of foreign investment, which were published as The New Public International Law of Investment (2011). He has been invited to deliver the general course on public international law at the Xiamen Academy of International Law in 2013.

Oscar Chase regularly teaches courses on various aspects of civil procedure, including the basic first-year course, a specialized course on New York practice, and a seminar on comparative procedure. Another of his courses is Professional Responsibility, a survey of legal ethics. His books on procedure include Civil Litigation in New York (fifth edition, 2007), the CPLR Manual (1997), and Civil Litigation in Comparative Context (2007). In recent years, Chase has advocated for increasing the interdisciplinary and comparative aspects of law teaching and scholarship. He offers a popular colloquium, Culture and the Law, in which the tools of anthropology and sociology are used to add understanding of disputing systems. His book Law, Culture, and Ritual: Disputing Systems in Cross-Cultural Context (2005) explores how culture and disputing institutions interrelate. His work has been translated into Italian, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish. Chase is currently a vice president of the International Association of Procedural Law. Chase began his legal career as an attorney in the legal services program and was involved in establishing the law reform orientation of the first federally funded program in New York. He then taught at Brooklyn Law School before joining the NYU School of Law faculty, where he served as vice dean from 1994 to 1999.

Sujit Choudhry, an internationally recognized authority on comparative constitutional law, joined NYU School of Law in the Fall of 2011. He is faculty director of the Center for Constitutional Transitions (www.constitutionaltransitions.org). He has published more than 60 articles, book chapters, and reports and is the editor of Constitutional Design for Divided Societies: Integration or Accommodation (2008) and The Migration of Constitutional Ideas (2007). He sits on the board of editors of the International Journal of Constitutional Law, is a member of the editorial board of the Constitutional Court Review (South Africa), and is on the board of advisers for the Cambridge Studies in Constitutional Law. Choudhry is extensively involved in public policy development. He is a member of the United Nations Mediation Roster, was a consultant to the United Nations Development Program and the World Bank Institute at the World Bank, and has worked with the Forum of Federations in Sri Lanka and the Canadian Bar Association in Nepal. Choudhry holds law degrees from Oxford, Toronto, and Harvard, was a Rhodes Scholar, and served as law clerk to Chief Justice Antonio Lamer of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was named a Trudeau Fellow in 2010.

Jerome Cohen is the senior American expert on East Asian law. As Jeremiah Smith Professor, associate dean, and director of East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School from 1964 to 1979, he helped pioneer the introduction of East Asian legal systems and perspectives into American legal curricula. Each year at NYU Cohen teaches a course on Chinese law and society. He also offers courses on China’s attitude toward international law and settling international business disputes with Chinese entities. The U.S.–Asia Law Institute, which he co-leads, sponsors many extracurricular programs, conducts research on contemporary legal developments in China and Taiwan, organizes conferences and exchanges with experts from both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and participates in training programs for Chinese legal specialists in the United States and China. Cohen, who formerly served as C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director of Asian Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, remains adjunct senior fellow there and is responsible for the Winston Lord Round Table on U.S. Foreign Policy and the Rule of Law in Asia.

Kevin Davis teaches courses on contracts, regulation of foreign corrupt practices, secured transactions, and law and development, as well as seminars on financing development and contract theory. His current research is focused on contract law, anticorruption law, and the general relationship between law and economic development. Davis received his B.A. in economics from McGill University in 1990. After graduating with an LL.B. from the University of Toronto in 1993, he served as law clerk to Justice John Sopinka of the Supreme Court of Canada and later as an associate in the Toronto office of Torys, a Canadian law firm. After receiving an LL.M. from Columbia University in 1996, he was appointed an assistant professor at the University of Toronto and in 2001 was promoted to associate professor. Davis has also been a visiting assistant professor at the University of Southern California, a visiting fellow at Cambridge University’s Clare Hall, and a visiting lecturer at the University of the West Indies in Barbados.

Prior to joining NYU School of Law, Gráinne de Búrca held tenured posts as professor at Harvard Law School, Fordham Law School, and the European University Institute in Florence, Italy, and as fellow of Somerville College and lecturer in law at Oxford University. She was deputy director of the Center for European and Comparative Law at Oxford, and co-director of the Academy of European Law at the EUI. She has been a visiting professor at Columbia Law School, a Straus Inaugural Fellow at NYU, and a member of NYU’s Global Law faculty. Her field of expertise is European Union law and transnational governance, with particular focus on European constitutional law and governance, human rights law, and international relations law. She studied law at University College Dublin and the University of Michigan Law School and was admitted to the bar at King’s Inns, Dublin. She is co-editor of the Oxford University Press book series Oxford Studies in European Law, and co-author of the textbook EU Law, currently in its fifth edition. She serves on the editorial boards of the European Law Journal and the Journal of Common Market Studies, and on the advisory boards of numerous other journals.

Rochelle Cooper Dreyfuss holds B.A. and M.S. degrees in chemistry and was a research chemist before entering Columbia Law School, where she served as articles and book review editor of the Law Review. She is a member of the American Law Institute and served as a reporter for its Intellectual Property: Principles Governing Jurisdiction, Choice of Law, and Judgments in Transnational Disputes project. She also sits on the National Academies’ Committee on Science, Technology, and Law. She has been a member of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services’ Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society, and a consultant to the Federal Courts Study Committee, the Presidential Commission on Catastrophic Nuclear Accidents, and the Federal Trade Commission. She is a past chair of the Intellectual Property Committee of the Association of American Law Schools. In addition to writing articles in her specialty areas, she has co-edited several books on intellectual property, and co-authored A Neofederalist Vision of TRIPS: Building a Resilient International Intellectual Property System (2012, with Graeme Dinwoodie) and an intellectual property casebook.

Cynthia Estlund is a leading scholar of labor and employment law and workplace governance. In her recent book Regoverning the Workplace: From Self-Regulation to Co-Regulation (2010), she chronicles the current crisis of workplace governance and charts a potential path forward. In her first book, Working Together: How Workplace Bonds Strengthen a Diverse Democracy (2003), she argued that the workplace is a site of both comparatively successful integration and intense cooperation, and she explored the implications for democratic theory and for labor and employment law. Other writings focus on freedom of speech and procedural fairness at work; diversity, integration, and affirmative action; and critical perspectives on labor law. Her current research is in workplace transparency, transnational labor regulation, and Chinese labor issues. Before joining the NYU School of Law faculty in 2006, Estlund taught at the University of Texas School of Law and Columbia Law School. Estlund graduated summa cum laude from Lawrence University, in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1978. She earned her J.D. at Yale Law School in 1983.

Samuel Estreicher has published more than a dozen books, including casebooks on labor law and employment discrimination and employment law; treatises on employment law and labor law, as well as a series on global issues in workplace law; and authored more than 150 articles in professional and academic journals. After clerking for Judge Harold Leventhal of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, practicing with a union-side law firm, then clerking for Justice Lewis F. Powell Jr. of the U.S. Supreme Court, Estreicher joined the NYU School of Law faculty in 1978. He is the former secretary of the Labor and Employment Law Section of the American Bar Association, a former chair of the Committee on Labor and Employment Law of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, and chief reporter of the Restatement (Third) of Employment Law, sponsored by the American Law Institute. He is also of counsel to Paul Hastings in its labor and employment and appellate practice groups. In recent years, Estreicher has published work in public international law, authored several briefs in the Supreme Court and U.S. courts of appeals on international issues, and has taught International Arbitration, International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, and International Litigation in the Federal Courts. He also maintains an active mediation and arbitration practice. Estreicher received his B.A. from Columbia College, his M.S. in industrial relations from Cornell University, and his J.D. from Columbia Law School, where he was editor-in-chief of the Columbia Law Review.

Franco Ferrari, who joined the NYU School of Law faculty in Fall 2010, was most recently a chaired professor of international law at Verona University in Italy. Previously, he was a chaired professor of comparative law at Tilburg University in the Netherlands and the University of Bologna in Italy. After serving as a member of the Italian delegation to various sessions of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) from 1995 to 2000, he was legal officer at the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, International Trade Law Branch, from 2000 to 2002, where he was responsible for numerous projects, including the preparation of the UNCITRAL digest on applications of the U.N. Sales Convention. Ferrari has published more than 220 law review articles in various languages and 14 books in the areas of international commercial law, conflict of laws, comparative law, and international commercial arbitration. Ferrari is a member of the editorial boards of various peer-reviewed European law journals (Internationales Handelsrecht, European Review of Private Law, Contratto e impresa, Contratto e impresa/Europa, Revue de droit des affaires internationales). Ferrari also acts as an international arbitrator in Asia, Europe, and Latin America.

Harry First is a specialist in antitrust and business crime. He is the co-author of casebooks on antitrust (with John Flynn and Darren Bush) and regulated industries (with John Flynn). He has twice been a Fulbright Research Fellow in Japan and has taught antitrust as an adjunct professor at the University of Tokyo. First’s recent scholarly work has focused on various aspects of antitrust enforcement, including “The Case for Antitrust Civil Penalties” (Antitrust Law Journal, 2009) and “Modernizing State Antitrust Enforcement” (Antitrust Bulletin, 2009). Along with Andrew Gavil of Howard University School of Law, he is currently working on a book titled Microsoft and the Globalization of Antitrust Law: Competition Policy for the Twenty-First Century, to be published by MIT Press. First is also the author of a casebook on business crime and a recently published article, “Branch Office of the Prosecutor: The New Role of the Corporation in Business Crime Prosecutions” (North Carolina Law Review, 2010). He is a contributing editor of the Antitrust Law Journal, foreign antitrust editor of the Antitrust Bulletin, a member of the executive committee of the Antitrust Section of the New York State Bar Association, and a member of the advisory board and a senior fellow of the American Antitrust Institute.

Eleanor Fox (LL.B. ’61) is a prominent antitrust and comparative competition law scholar. Her recent work includes articles on antitrust, markets, developing countries, and global governance, and casebooks on U.S. antitrust law and European Union law. Fox served as a member of the International Competition Policy Advisory Committee to the Attorney General and Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust under President Clinton. She served as a member of the National Commission for the Review of Antitrust Laws and Procedures under President Carter. Fox has served as a trustee and member of the executive committee of the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, vice president of the American Foreign Law Association, chair of the New York State Bar Association’s Section on Antitrust Law, chair of the Section of Antitrust and Economic Regulation of the Association of American Law Schools, vice president of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, vice chair of the ABA Antitrust Section, and trustee of New York University Law Center Foundation. She lectures annually at the Competition Directorate of the European Commission and has been an adviser on competition policy in numerous newer antitrust jurisdictions including South Africa, Egypt, Tanzania, Indonesia, central and eastern European nations, and the Common Market of Southern and Eastern Africa.

Clayton Gillette’s scholarship concentrates on contracts, commercial law, and local government law. He has authored casebooks and textbooks on local government law, payment systems, and sales law. Last year, Yale University Press published his book titled Local Redistribution and Local Democracy. Gillette’s articles include studies of long-term contracts, the political economy of international sales law, standard form contracts, and relations between localities and their neighbors. He has recently supervised students working on the State Budget Crisis Task Force headed by Paul Volcker and Richard Ravitch, and has consulted in litigation and arbitrations on subjects ranging from Agent Orange products liability to defaults on municipal bonds. Before joining the NYU School of Law faculty in 2000, he was the Perre Bowen Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. He earned his J.D. from the University of Michigan and a B.A. from Amherst College. After law school, he clerked for Judge J. Edward Lumbard of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and was associated with the law firm of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton.

David Golove specializes in the constitutional law of foreign affairs and has written extensively on the constitutional history pertaining to that field. He is best known for his book-length article “Treaty-Making and the Nation: The Historical Foundations of the Nationalist Conception of the Treaty Power,” published in the Michigan Law Review, in which he comprehensively considers a question of constitutional law that has been controversial from the moment of the nation’s birth in 1776: Can the U.S. government, through its power to make treaties, effectively regulate subjects that would otherwise be beyond the reach of Congress’s enumerated legislative powers—for example, a treaty prohibiting the death penalty? He answers yes, and in doing so he has produced both a major work of legal historical scholarship and an important legal and constitutional defense of federal power. Golove has also written about the constitutional issues raised by so-called international delegations of governmental authority and the war on terror. Golove received his B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1979 and has law degrees from Boalt Hall and Yale. He teaches in the fields of constitutional law and international law.

Ryan Goodman, in addition to his posts at NYU School of Law, is an associated member of the Department of Sociology and an affiliated member of the Department of Politics at NYU. Before joining the Law School, he was the Rita E. Hauser Professor of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law and director of the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School. Goodman has published articles in leading law reviews and has also co-authored several books, two of which include: Socializing States: Promoting Human Rights Through International Law, with Derek Jinks (Oxford University Press, forthcoming), and International Human Rights in Context (with Philip Alston and Henry Steiner, 1996). His work makes significant contributions to the evaluation of human rights treaties, to the law of armed conflict, and to international law more generally. The U.S. Supreme Court relied on Goodman’s amicus briefs in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld when it overturned the government’s system of military commissions, and in Lawrence v. Texas, when it overturned an antisodomy statute. Goodman received his B.A. in government and philosophy from the University of Texas at Austin. He earned his J.D. from Yale Law School and a Ph.D. in sociology from Yale University. He is a member of the board of editors of the American Journal of International Law, a member of the U.S. Department of State’s Advisory Committee on International Law, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Stephen Holmes’s research centers on the history of European liberalism, the disappointments of democracy and economic liberalization after Communism, and the difficulty of combating international Salafi terrorism within the bounds of the Constitution and the rule of law. In 1988, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to complete a study of the theoretical foundations of liberal democracy. He was named a Carnegie Scholar in 2003-05 for his work on Russian legal reform. Besides numerous articles on the history of political thought, democratic and constitutional theory, state building in post-Communist Russia, and the war on terror, Holmes has written several books, including The Cost of Rights: Why Liberty Depends on Taxes, co-authored with Cass Sunstein (1998), and The Matador’s Cape: America’s Reckless Response to Terror (2007). After receiving his Ph.D. from Yale in 1976, Holmes taught briefly at Yale and Wesleyan universities before becoming a member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1978. He later taught at Harvard University, the University of Chicago, and Princeton University before joining the faculty at NYU School of Law in 2000.

Robert Howse received his B.A. in philosophy and political science with high distinction, as well as an LL.B. with honors, from the University of Toronto, where he was co-editor-in-chief of the Faculty of Law Review. He also holds an LL.M. from Harvard Law School. Howse has been a visiting professor at, among other institutions, Harvard Law School, Tel Aviv University, and the University of Paris 1 (Pantheon-Sorbonne). His books include The Regulation of International Trade (with Michael Trebilcock; fourth edition, forthcoming 2012) and The WTO System: Law, Politics, and Legitimacy (2007). He is also co-translator and principal author of the interpretative commentary, Alexandre Kojeve, Outline of a Phenomenology of Right (2000), and of various articles on the political thought of Kojeve, Leo Strauss, and Carl Schmitt. He has been a frequent consultant or adviser to government agencies and international organizations such as the OECD, UNCTAD, and the Inter-American Development Bank. He has also been a consultant to the investor’s counsel in a number of investor-state arbitrations. Howse is a contributor to the American Law Institute project on WTO law and serves on the editorial advisory boards of the European Journal of International Law, Transnational Legal Theory, and Legal Issues of Economic Integration. He coordinates the Investment Law Forum at NYU School of Law and is co-founder of the New York City Working Group on International Economic Law.

Benedict Kingsbury’s broad, theoretically grounded approach to international law closely integrates work in legal theory, political theory, and history. With NYU colleague Richard Stewart, he initiated and directs the Global Administrative Law Research Project, a pioneering approach to issues of accountability and participation in global governance. They launched the Global Administrative Law Network, and together with Andrew Hurrell edit the Law and Global Governance book series for Oxford University Press. Kingsbury has directed the Law School’s Institute for International Law and Justice since its founding in 2002. Kingsbury has written on a range of international law topics, from trade-environment disputes and the United Nations to interstate arbitration, investor-state arbitration, and the proliferation of international tribunals. He has edited Governance by Indicators, which was published in 2012, and books on Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) and Alberico Gentili (1552-1608). He has also worked extensively on issues involving indigenous peoples. After completing his LL.B. with first-class honors at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand in 1981, Kingsbury was a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1984, he graduated at the top of his class in the M.Phil. program in international relations at Oxford. He subsequently completed a D.Phil. in law at Oxford University and has taught at Oxford, Duke University School of Law, Harvard Law School, the University of Tokyo, and the University of Paris 1.

Mattias Kumm’s research focuses on basic issues in European and comparative constitutional law, international law, and philosophy of law. Kumm joined NYU School of Law in 2000 after studies in law, philosophy, and political science in Kiel, Germany, and Paris and doctorate work at Harvard University. He holds a part-time joint appointment as a professor for globalization and the rule of law at the Social Science Research Center and Humboldt University, both in Berlin. He has taught as a visiting professor at Harvard Law School and has visited and lectured at other leading universities worldwide. Kumm is an editor of several journals and a member of the faculty advisory committee of the Institute for International Law and Justice at NYU Law.

Smita Narula’s scholarship and clinical work focus on key human rights issues, including the impact of economic globalization and counterterrorism policies on human rights, and the accountability of corporations and international financial institutions for human rights abuses. She has authored numerous articles and human rights studies on these subjects. In 2008, Narula was appointed legal adviser to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. Her current research on the subject critically assesses market- and rights-based responses to the global phenomenon of agricultural “land grabbing.” Narula is a world-renowned expert on caste discrimination, and author of the award-winning book Broken People: Caste Violence Against India’s “Untouchables” (1999). She was the recipient of the 2007 South Asian Bar Association of New York Access to Justice Award and the 2008 North American South Asian Bar Association Public Interest Achievement Award, both given in recognition of her work on human rights in the United States and abroad. Before joining NYU School of Law in 2003, Narula spent six years at Human Rights Watch as the organization’s lead India researcher and senior researcher for South Asia. Narula graduated from Harvard Law School, where she was editor-in-chief of the Harvard Human Rights Journal, and she received a master’s in international development from Brown University.

Margaret Satterthwaite’s research interests include human rights and counterterrorism, economic and social rights, and empirical methods in human rights. Satterthwaite graduated magna cum laude from NYU School of Law in 1999 and served as a law clerk to Judge Betty B. Fletcher of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 1999-00 and to the judges of the International Court of Justice in 2001-02. She has worked for a variety of human rights organizations, including Amnesty International, Human Rights First, and the Commission Nationale de Verité et de Justice (Haitian Truth and Justice Commission), and has authored or co-authored more than a dozen human rights reports. She has engaged in human rights work in countries such as Haiti, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, the United States, and Yemen. Satterthwaite has served as a human rights consultant and advising expert to U.N. agencies and special rapporteurs and has been a member of the boards of directors of several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International USA and the Global Initiative on Economic and Social Rights.

Linda Silberman teaches Civil Procedure, Conflict of Laws, Comparative Procedure, International Litigation, and International Commercial Arbitration. She is co-director of NYU’s Center for Transnational Litigation, Arbitration, and Commercial Law. She is a member of the editorial advisory boards of the Journal of Private International Law (UK) and Revista Espanol de Drecho Internacional (Spain). Her own scholarship covers a wide variety of domestic and transnational subject areas: conflict of laws; domestic and comparative procedure; transnational litigation, in particular judicial jurisdiction and judgment recognition; class actions; international arbitration; and international child abduction. Her articles have been cited by state and federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as by the courts of other nations. Since 2009, Silberman has served as an adviser to the American Law Institute’s (ALI) Restatement Third of the U.S. Law of International Commercial Arbitration. She was co-reporter (with Andreas Lowenfeld) of ALI’s Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments: Analysis and Proposed Federal Statute; and she has testified in Congress on judgment recognition, including libel tourism and the need for a federal statute on recognition and enforcement. She has been active in the New York City Bar Committee on International Commercial Disputes as well as the State Department’s Advisory Committee on Private International Law. Silberman is co-author of Civil Procedure: Theory and Practice (fourth edition forthcoming, 2013) and Civil Litigation in Comparative Context (2007).

Richard Stewart is recognized as one of the world’s leading scholars in environmental and administrative law. Prior to joining the faculty, Stewart served as Byrne Professor of Administrative Law at Harvard Law School and as a member of the faculty of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. He has served as assistant attorney general in charge of the Environment and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice and chairman of the Environmental Defense Fund. Stewart directs, with NYU School of Law Professor Benedict Kingsbury, a major project on global administrative law that examines and advances mechanisms of transparency, participation, reason giving, and review to meet accountability gaps in global regulatory institutions. Stewart also directs the NYU Climate Finance Project, which addresses new legal and regulatory institutions and tools for international transfers of public and private investment resources to developing countries. The project has published a pioneering book on the subject and held workshops and training sessions at the Copenhagen and Cancún climate meetings. It is currently developing a proposal for a Global Climate Finance Registry to promote accountability and effectiveness in global climate finance. He recently published a major book on U.S. nuclear waste law regulation and policy. Stewart also works on environmental law reform projects in China and other developing countries through the International Environmental Law Clinic and Guarini Center projects.

A leading expert on the application of economics to legal problems, Alan Sykes focuses his research on international economic relations. His writing and teaching have encompassed international trade, torts, contracts, insurance, antitrust, and economic analysis of law. He has been a member of the executive committee and the board of the American Law and Economics Association, and he currently serves as reporter for the American Law Institute Project on Principles of Trade Law: The World Trade Organization. Sykes is associate editor of the Journal of International Economic Law and a member of the board of editors of the World Trade Review. He formerly served as editor of the Journal of Legal Studies and the Journal of Law and Economics. Before joining NYU Law in 2012, Sykes was the James and Patricia Kowal Professor of Law at Stanford Law School and the Frank and Bernice J. Greenberg Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School. He is a former National Science Foundation graduate fellow in the Department of Economics at Yale University. He is on the board of editors of the American Journal of International Law.

Frank Upham teaches Property, Law and Development, and courses on comparative law and society with an emphasis on East Asia and the developing world. His scholarship focuses on Japan and China, and his book Law and Social Change in Postwar Japan received the Thomas J. Wilson Prize from Harvard University Press in 1987. Recent scholarship includes “Who Will Find the Defendant If He Stays with His Sheep? Justice in Rural China,” “From Demsetz to Deng: Speculations on the Implications of Chinese Growth for Law and Development Theory,” and “Resistible Force Meets Malleable Object: The Story of the ‘Introduction’ of Norms of Gender Equality into Japanese Employment Practice.” Upham has spent time at various institutions in Asia and works in Japanese and Chinese. Current research interests include the relationship between employment law and low birthrates in Japan, the role of the judiciary in economic transformation in 19th- and early-20th-century Japan, and the role of property rights in economic growth from the English Enclosure movement to contemporary China. Upham graduated from Princeton University in 1967 and Harvard Law School in 1974 and worked as a journalist in Asia and as an assistant attorney general in Massachusetts before entering academia. Prior to moving to NYU School of Law in 1994, he taught at Ohio State, Harvard, and Boston College law schools.

Jeremy Waldron teaches legal and political philosophy at NYU School of Law. As of October 2010, he is also Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at Oxford University. He teaches at NYU in the Fall and at Oxford (All Souls College) in the Spring. A prolific scholar, Waldron has written extensively on jurisprudence and political theory, including numerous books and articles on jurisprudence, theories of rights, constitutionalism, the rule of law, democracy, property, torture, security, and homelessness. His books include Partly Laws Common to All Mankind: Foreign Law in American Courts (2012), The Harm of Hate Speech (2012), Torture, Terror, and Trade-offs: Philosophy for the White House (2010), Law and Disagreement (1999), and The Dignity of Legislation (1999). He is also well known for his work in historical political theory, on Aristotle, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Hannah Arendt. Waldron was born and educated in New Zealand, where he studied for degrees in philosophy and law at the University of Otago, and was admitted as a barrister and solicitor of the Supreme Court of New Zealand in 1978. He studied at Oxford University for his doctorate in legal philosophy and taught there as a fellow of Lincoln College from 1980 to 1982. He has since taught at the University of Edinburgh; the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law; Princeton University; and Columbia Law School. Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998 and a fellow of the British Academy since 2011, Waldron has given many prestigious academic lectures, such as the Tanner Lectures at Berkeley in 2009, the Holmes Lectures at Harvard Law School in 2009, and the Hamlyn Law Lectures in England in 2011.